Category Archives: Classroom Procedures

199: Celebrating Identity and Dialects in Heritage Classes with Courtney Nygaard


How can celebrating identity and dialects transform the experience of language learners? In this episode I’m joined by Courtney Nygaard, a teacher of heritage Spanish speakers in Minnesota.  Courtney shares how she honors and values her students’ identities as a way to build confidence, connection, and community in the classroom. We talk about practical strategies for embracing dialectal differences, navigating varied proficiency levels, and fostering a space where all students feel seen and valued. Whether you teach a heritage class or not, this conversation will inspire you to make your classroom a place where every student and experience is valued.

Topics in this Episode:

  •  importance of celebrating identity and dialects in language classes
  • strategies or activities you can use to acknowledge and honor the diverse identities and dialects of your students
  • challenges that might arise when students speak different dialects or have varying levels of proficiency in the heritage language
  • Courtney’s success stories and examples where celebrating identity and dialects positively impacted her students’ learning and engagement?
  • for teachers who don’t have heritage classes, how you can create an inclusive and supportive environment that respects and celebrates the linguistic diversity of your students
  • Episode 96: Teaching Heritage Language Learners with Courtney Nygaard

Connect with Courtney Nygaard:

Work with Joshua either in person or remotely.

Teachers want to hear from you and what you are proud of in your classroom.
Join me as a guest on the podcast.

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Planning & Teaching for Proficiency: A Guide for Language Teachers

This reflection and planning tool will guide you as you create a classroom that prioritizes what students can do with language. By focusing on performance, proficiency, communication, and authentic language use, you can support students as they develop into confident communicators, not just language learners.

Each section highlights essential components that support confidence and proficiency growth. You’ll also see actionable steps that you can take right away.

Topics include:

  • Purposeful Planning
  • Comprehensible Input & Student Output
  • Meaningful Tasks & Relevant Practice
  • Assessment & Feedback
  • Professional Reflection & Collaboration
  • Common Challenges in Proficiency-Focused Classrooms

GET YOUR FREE GUIDE HERE.

How to Do a Write and Discuss in Your Language Classroom

Have you heard of a Write and Discuss or have you tried it in your classroom? If you’ve done it, you already know how useful and beneficial it is—for your students and for you as the teacher. But if this is new to you, let me introduce you to an incredibly effective collaborative writing activity that you can implement right away. No prep required.

And if this isn’t new to you? Stick around—I’ll share some tips and examples that just might make your Write and Discuss even more impactful.

I first heard about Write and Discuss several years ago when Ben Fisher-Rodriguez joined be on episode 79 of the World Language Classroom Podcast. I remember thinking, “That’s a cool idea.” But I had no idea how powerful it would become in my classroom.

Write and Discuss is a guided writing activity that comes after a shared class experience—something like a story, picture talk, reading, video clip, or discussion. The teacher writes (or types) a summary or retelling of the event in front of students with their input. You speak aloud as you write, modeling both language and writing habits in real time.

It’s low-prep, high-impact, and incredibly flexible.

Why is it so useful?

Write and Discuss…

  • provides rich, contextualized input.
  • helps students understand how spoken language becomes written language.
  • models writing at a level they can access.
  • supports literacy development in both L1 and L2.
  • co-constructs meaning and builds classroom community.
  • produces a usable class text for re-reading, grammar, or extension work.

How to Do a Write and Discuss

Start with a Shared Experience. Pick something you’ve just done together—anything that created shared meaning:

  • a picture talk
  • a video clip
  • an article
  • a class story
  • a chapter in a CI novel

Set the Purpose

  • Frame the activity as collaboration, not an assessment.

Write the Text in Front of the Class

  • Use the whiteboard, a document camera, or project a Google Doc.
  • Speak as you write. Think aloud.

Get student input:

  • “What happened next?”
  • “What was the character’s name?”

Keep your pace manageable. Stay comprehensible.

  • Add in a few new words or structures, but keep in the the context of what you are writing about.

Check for Comprehension as You Go

  • Ask questions about previous details you wrote to make sure all students are following.
  • Use quick translation or gestures as needed.

Read the Text Aloud When You Finish

  • Let students hear the final version. This reinforces meaning and models fluent reading.

What About Students writing the text?

Copying the text strategically can be powerful.

  • During writing: For some groups, it helps them stay engaged.
  • After reading together: Make it Do Now the next day. Have students copy with blanks to fill in or highlight target structures first.

Examples by Proficiency Level

Novice Low–Mid: Short, repetitive sentences with proper names and cognates:

  • “This is Sara. Sara has a sister. Her name is Anna.”

Novice High–Intermediate Low: Add transition words and narrative sequence:

  • “First, Diego arrives at the airport with his family. Then, they take a bus to La Concha where they meet their host family.”

Intermediate Mid and Up: Introduce more complex syntax and opinion:

  • “Although Camila wanted to win the competition, she helped her friend instead.”
  • “Some students said the video was funny, but others thought it was sad.”

Using Co-Created Texts for Grammar in Context (PACE)

One of the best things about Write and Discuss? You end up with a relevant, student-friendly text—perfect for teaching grammar in context using the PACE model.

Here’s how:

  • Presentation: Use the co-created Write and Discuss text.
  • Attention: Highlight a structure (e.g., past tense verbs, adjective agreement).
  • Co-construction: Guide students to notice patterns and form rules.
  • Extension: Practice that structure in a new but related context.

Example: After a Write and Discuss retelling in the past tense, return to the text and highlight all the past tense verbs. Discuss them. Notice patterns. Then give students a short new story to practice with the same structure.

Tips and suggestions

  • Use  Google Slides or a whiteboard.
  • Speak aloud while writing.
  • Call on students for ideas and content.
  • Keep it short—5–8 sentences is often enough.
  • Print or post the text later for reading, stations, or review.
  • Spiral back to older texts to reinforce language.

What to Avoid

  • Don’t turn it into a grammar lesson while writing. Save that for later.
  • Don’t go too fast. Check for understanding.
  • Don’t offer all the details.  Collaborate with students. Use their suggestions.

Final Thoughts

Write and Discuss is one of those strategies that checks so many boxes. It’s compelling, communicative, comprehensible, and completely adaptable. Whether you’re using it to support storytelling, discussion, literacy, or grammar instruction, it’s a useful routine. If you haven’t tried it yet, give it a go. And if you already use it, let us know what works well for you and your students.

192: CI When Required to Use a Textbook with Ashley Mikkelsen


How much flexibility or autonomy do you have over your curriculum? Are you able to integrate CI techniques and procedures? This can be a bit challenging if our curriculum is aligned with chapters in a textbook or prescribed units.  Today I speak with Ashley Mikkelsen, a Spanish teacher in North Dakota.  Ashley talks us through her personal journey and experience integrating CI activities into her textbook-aligned curriculum that also includes common assessments.  And these assessments are not always proficiency-based. Is this possible? Ashley shows us how with her quintessential realistic lens.

Topics in this Episode:

  • challenges teachers face when trying to incorporate Comprehensible Input (CI) within a textbook-driven curriculum
  • strategies and techniques for blending CI with the requirements of a textbook curriculum
  • specific examples of successfully integrating CI into a textbook lesson
  • how teachers can make sure that their use of CI aligns with the learning objectives and assessments outlined in the textbook
  • recommendations for teachers who are new to CI but are required to follow a textbook curriculum
  • Ep 86: Lots of Activities for Any Reading with Ashley Mikkelsen

Connect with Ashley Mikkelsen:

Work with Joshua either in person or remotely.

Teachers want to hear from you and what you are proud of in your classroom.
Join me as a guest on the podcast.

Follow wherever you listen to podcasts.

191: Pre-Speaking and Writing Routines That Build Confidence


Do you have effective routines that support your students’ language proficiency and communication skills?  We often think of the communication modes, proficiency levels and 90+% target language as the routines that we foster in the classroom. In this episode you’ll hear about another type of routine, student-created graphic organizers.  These are visual tools that offer a unique pathway for students to comprehend and engage with the target language.

Blog post with visuals to see examples of student-created graphic organizers.

Topics in this Episode:

  • effective learning routines
  • student-created graphic organizers (Thinking Maps, Brains Frames)
  • benefits of students creating their own graphic organizers
  • when to use student-created graphic organizers (pre-speaking, pre-writing)
  • 5 useful types of student-created graphic organizers
    • linear details
    • cause and effect
    • brainstorming
    • compare and contrast
    • categorizing

Blog post with visuals to see examples of student-created graphic organizers.

Work with Joshua either in person or remotely.

Teachers want to hear from you and what you are proud of in your classroom.
Join me as a guest on the podcast.

Follow wherever you listen to podcasts.

187: Standards-Based Grading In Proficiency-Based Instruction with Jude Krushnowski


What do your grades look like? Do the grades that your students earn reflect their mastery and what they can do with and in the target language? In this episode, I speak with Jude Krushnowski, the Director of the World Language Teacher Education Program at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. He walks us through a framework for competency-based grading in our proficiency-based classrooms. Lots of tips, insights and suggestions for making this transition to assessments authentically reflecting our students’ competency.

Topics in this Episode:

  • what standards-based grading is and how it differs from traditional grading methods
  • how standards-based grading aligns with proficiency-based instruction and why is it more beneficial for assessments
  • examples where standards-based grading significantly enhanced learning and proficiency growth
  • what gets assessed and what does not; what goes into the grade
  • what it looks like in practice, particularly gradebook categories, retakes, rubrics vs. points and percentages
  • challenges teachers might face when transitioning to standards-based grading

Connect with Jude :

Work with Joshua either in person or remotely.

Teachers want to hear from you and what you are proud of in your classroom.
Join me as a guest on the podcast.

Follow wherever you listen to podcasts.

186: Write Effective Can Do Statements


How do we ensure our students know exactly what they’re working toward in their language learning journey? In this episode, we’re diving into Writing Can Do Statements—how to make them concrete, student-friendly, and aligned with proficiency levels and ACTFL’s communication modes. We’ll explore both yearly and unit-specific Can Do Statements, their role in guiding instruction and assessment, and practical strategies for crafting effective statements that support student growth.

Get the Bloom’s Taxonomy verb list to use in your Can Do Statements

Topics in this Episode:

  • understanding exactly what Can Do Statements are and how to use them effectively in the classroom
  • using Success Criteria to write Can Do Statements
  • using Bloom’s Taxonomy to write Can Do Statements
  • yearly Can Do Statements
  • unit-specific Can Do Statements
  • examples of effective Can Do Statements
  • tips for writing effective Can Do Statements

Get the Bloom’s Taxonomy verb list to use in your Can Do Statements

Work with Joshua either in person or remotely.

Teachers want to hear from you and what you are proud of in your classroom.
Join me as a guest on the podcast.

Follow wherever you listen to podcasts.

Creative Project to Engage with Comprehensible Novels

As language teachers, we’re always looking for ways to engage students beyond traditional book reports. The “Unpack the Book” project is an innovative, interactive way for students to deeply engage with a Comprehensible (CI) novel while fostering creativity and language proficiency. Here are detailed strategies and concrete tips for implementing this project in your language classroom.

Overview of the “Unpack the Book” Project

“Unpack the Book” challenges students to create a scrapbook that summarizes and explores key elements of the CI novel they’ve read. The final product is both creative and reflective of their comprehension and interpretation of the novel. To support implementation, you can download the template in French, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese and German.

Preparation Before Reading

Before students begin reading, set the stage with pre-reading activities:

  • Introduce Key Vocabulary: Provide a word bank of essential terms from the novel.
  • Discuss the Novel’s Context: Talk about the cultural and historical background of the story.
  • Make Predictions: Have students hypothesize what they think will happen based on the title and cover.

Encourage students to maintain a document while reading, which should include:

  • Characters: Note the main characters in each chapter.
  • Short Summaries: Write 2-3 sentence summaries per chapter.
  • Hashtags: Create a hashtag that encapsulates the main idea or emotion of each chapter. Example: #LostAndFound for a chapter about a character’s discovery.

download the template in French, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese and German.

Students Engage with the Content and unpack the book

These are the pages of the scrapbook along with what they should include:

Cover: A picture representing the book, such as a character or cultural symbol.

Vocabulary: A list of 20 new words with translations.

Hashtags: One hashtag per chapter to summarize key themes.

Characters: Brief descriptions of the main characters.

Events: Summaries of three major events.

Quotes: Five impactful quotes from the book, including the speaker’s name.

Culture: 2-3 cultural elements from the book.

download the template in French, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese and German.

Assembling and Presenting the scrapBook

Students will fold and assemble their scrapbooks, adding a tactile and interactive element to their learning. They can present their work through:

  • Classroom Presentations: Students share their books and discuss their findings.
  • Gallery Walks: Students display their books and engage with peers’ work.
  • Small Group Discussions: Encourage students to reflect on cultural connections.

Assessment and Reflection

Assessing the Project: Evaluate creativity, language accuracy, and depth of engagement.

Student Reflection: Have students answer reflection questions, such as:

  • How did creating this mini-book help you connect with the characters and themes of the novel?

Conclusion

The “Unpack the Book” project is a dynamic way to enhance languageproficiency and cultural understanding. Try it in your classroom and share your students’ experiences!

download the template in French, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese and German.

183: Supporting Students with AI tools with Noemi Rodriguez


Are you getting more comfortable with AI tools? Are you finding ways to use them to enhance your teaching? Last year, Noemi Rodriguez joined me on episode 116 when AI felt so new and emerging. Noemi is back to talk through advances in AI, new resources for language teachers and getting over some common hurdles.  We specifically focus on leveraging AI tools to support students, particularly around providing feedback and differentiating lessons and activities.

Topics in this Episode:

  •  how AI tools can be used to support students in world language classes
  • how AI tools enhance language learning and make it more engaging for students
  • specific AI tools and applications that are particularly effective for supporting students, differentiating and providing feedback
  • examples of AI tools being used to support students that enhance or improve students’ language proficiency
  • practical steps and strategies teachers can take to effectively implement AI tools to support students

Connect with Erin Coleman:

Work with Joshua either in person or remotely.

Teachers want to hear from you and what you are proud of in your classroom.
Join me as a guest on the podcast.

Follow wherever you listen to podcasts.

Common Challenges in Proficiency-Based Classrooms

Sometimes we might feel like everyone else is achieving incredible success consistently and don’t face some of the challenges that we see in our own classrooms.  The truth and the reality is that most of us have some areas that don’t quite seem to be working at times.  Implementing comprehensible input (CI) strategies in a proficiency-based language classroom comes with its challenges at times.  With proactive planning we can create an engaging and effective learning environment for all students. Let’s dive into some of the most common obstacles and practical solutions to help you navigate them.

Different Proficiency Levels 

One of the biggest challenges in a CI-based classroom is meeting the needs of students with varied proficiency levels. Some students may quickly grasp input, while others need more support.

What Can We Do to Address This?

  • Scaffold Input: Use visuals, gestures, and real-world context to support comprehension. Advanced learners can be challenged with more nuanced language, while beginners focus on simpler structures.
  • Tiered Tasks: Create activities with different levels of complexity. For instance, when describing an image, beginners use basic sentences, while advanced students add details or speculate about what’s happening.
  • Pair and Group Work: Strategically mix students so stronger learners can support their peers while still benefiting from interactions at their level. Rotate groups to keep engagement high.

Large Class Sizes

A crowded classroom makes it harder to provide personalized input and ensure all students stay engaged.

What Can We Do to Address This?

  • Leverage Technology: Tools like Pear Deck, Gimkit, and Google Forms make interactive comprehension checks efficient.
  • Strategic Seating and Routines: Arrange seats to optimize interaction and establish consistent routines for CI activities to maintain structure.
  • Chunk Input: Break lessons into smaller segments with quick comprehension checks (e.g., yes/no questions) to keep engagement high.

Student Resistance

Students who are used to textbook-based learning may feel uncomfortable with a CI approach, questioning its rigor or effectiveness.

What Can We Do to Address This?

  • Explain the ‘Why’: Dedicate time early in the course to explain how CI supports real-world fluency. Share success stories from past students.
  • Celebrate Small Wins: Acknowledge when students understand without translating or express themselves spontaneously.
  • Incorporate Familiar Elements: Blend CI with structured grammar or vocabulary reviews to ease students into this approach.

Time Constraints

Pressure to cover an extensive curriculum can make it difficult to prioritize input-based instruction.

What Can We Do to Address This?

  • Focus on High-Frequency Language: Teach the most commonly used words and phrases to maximize efficiency.
  • Embed Input in Required Content: Use storytelling and cultural discussions to meet curriculum goals while delivering comprehensible input.
  • Set Realistic Goals: Prioritize long-term retention over superficial mastery of a broad set of topics.

Assessment and Accountability

Traditional assessments often prioritize grammatical accuracy over communication, making it difficult to show progress using CI methods.

What Can We Do to Address This?

  • Shift Assessment Practices: Use performance-based assessments like role-plays or storytelling, focusing on communication and fluency.
  • Showcase Progress: Record student speech samples throughout the year to demonstrate growth.
  • Blend Traditional and CI Assessments: Incorporate occasional quizzes for accountability while emphasizing proficiency-based evaluation.

Classroom Management

Keeping students engaged and in the target language can be challenging, especially with interactive activities.

What Can We Do to Address This?

  • Use Compelling Input: Choose topics that students find interesting—stories, pop culture, or personal experiences.
  • Set Clear Expectations: Establish and consistently enforce behavior norms for CI activities.
  • Frequent Check-Ins: Keep students engaged with quick questions, gestures, and interactive elements.

Your Turn

By implementing these strategies, we can create a CI-rich classroom where all students can grow in proficiency and communicate with confidence! What strategies have worked best for you? Let’s keep the conversation going in the comments!